your dead right that they can be hard the take up on, as unlike the searigs the old style graham turnbuckle have a stud that is only threaded for the first 30mm then it is clear shank with calibration marks, so when the turnbuckle is buried there is a deep recess for the dirt/detritus to collect in this usually leads to the 'crud' getting pushed down, making the treads tight.
You are quite right the later model tb's had a locking grub/set screw to lock the lower[outer] barrel to the middle section of the tb via the groove, but still no lock on the upper [inner/stud] part. For us you see an 'old style graham', we read take the heat and the big spanners with you!! cos they get real tight with age and crud... Guess the crud was the locking device....Ha Ha
Thanks for the replys
i've been reliably informed that these were the fore-runner of the searig turnbuckles, which look really quite neat, in my opinion.... and they have the locknut on top n a grubscrew in the side.
Never heard of any cracking as you say on 1x19, but only once on a dyform backstay, but this could have been helped by the owner 'loosening' the riggingscrew without taking out the grubscrew!!